Nothing screams summer in New England quite like a day trip to the shores of Martha’s Vineyard — something tourists have been doing for well over 100 years.
First inhabited by the Wampanoag people, Martha’s Vineyard has been a playground for the ultrawealthy ever since whaling captains began building impressive homes there between 1830 and 1845, The New York Times reported.
By the early 1900s, the island was established as a resort destination for wealthy New Englanders, and by the 1950s, Oak Bluffs on Martha’s Vineyard had become a popular destination for Black families and residents to live and vacation, according to Britannica.
Here’s a look at what it used to be like to vacation on Martha’s Vineyard.
Martha’s Vineyard is located off the coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Martha’s Vineyard is the sister island of Nantucket, Massachusetts, another playground for the rich and famous. However, “the Vineyard,” as it is commonly named, is larger than Nantucket.
Located 7 miles off the coast of Cape Cod, Martha’s Vineyard is the largest island on Massachusetts’ southeastern coast, with a square-mile area of 96 miles, according to a local tourism website.
The island grew as a popular beach destination in the 1950s.
The Vineyard Gazette reported that in 1959, roughly 30,000 more cars were transported via the ferry from the mainland to the island compared to a decade earlier.
Martha’s Vineyard was, and still is, a popular beach destination.
The island consists of six towns and many beaches, many of which are free and open to the public.
There’s a rich agricultural history on Martha’s Vineyard, from farming to fishing.
From the red clay Gay Head Cliffs to the rural towns of Aquinnah, Chilmark, and West Tisbury, Martha’s Vineyard provided a respite for families looking to explore the island’s natural charms.
By the 1960s, Martha’s Vineyard was a thriving tourist destination with expansive beaches and restaurants.
The Vineyard also became a popular “hippie” destination during the Summer of Love and the years following it.
Martha’s Vineyard Magazine reported that while the Vineyard had already become a popular destination for summer visitors, many “hippie folks” who “washed ashore” — a term given to mainlanders who move to one of the New England islands — ended up staying long-term.
“The hippie ‘invasion’ was one of the many mass movements onto the Island after the Europeans startled the Wampanoags,” journalist Richard C. Skidmore wrote for Martha’s Vineyard Magazine in 2008.
Tourists mainly got to the island by ferry.
The ferry is still a popular way to visit Martha’s Vineyard, though you can also fly. Passengers can walk onto the ferry, or pay to drive their cars aboard.
In the 1970s, Martha’s Vineyard boomed as a tourist destination for Black families.
While Martha’s Vineyard’s overall population is predominantly white, the town of Oak Bluffs has been a popular destination for Black tourists for over 100 years.
As reported by Ebony Magazine, Oak Bluffs rose to prominence as a Black tourist destination in 1912 with the opening of the Inn at Shearer Cottage.
Owned by Charles Shearer, the son of an enslaved woman, the inn was one of the few options for Black tourists looking to take a summer vacation.
The inn thrived, and people kept coming back year after year to Oak Bluffs. It soon grew into a place where lodging for Black families and individuals was plentiful, which was typically rare in major resort towns.
By the mid-1950s, Oak Bluffs had become “a full-blown Black resort.”
“The days were full. There were berries to pick, a morning’s adventure. There were band concerts for an evening’s stroll. There were invitations to lemonade and cookies and whist,” author Jill Nelson wrote in her book “Finding Martha’s Vineyard: African Americans at Home on an Island,” according to Britannica.
“The Vineyard was an ideal place to figure out who we really were underneath all the other stuff. Here, it was enough that you simply be yourself,” Nelson continued.
Martha’s Vineyard was also a notable Hollywood destination in the 1970s.
The iconic cult-classic film “Jaws” was filmed on Martha’s Vineyard in the summer of 1974.
According to the Martha’s Vineyard Chamber of Commerce website, “Jaws” came to be after a writer, Peter Benchley, shared stories about nearby shark attacks with dinner guests at his Nantucket home.
Steven Spielberg, who was at the dinner party, was so compelled by the stories that he bought the rights to Benchley’s novel, “Jaws,” per the chamber of commerce website.
Spielberg later chose Martha’s Vineyard, the island next to Nantucket, as the film’s primary shooting location.
Martha’s Vineyard also became a playground for the rich and famous.
While the Vineyard still attracted day-trippers and families, it grew into a celebrity locale in the 1970s, attracting the likes of Carly Simon and Peter Simon, her brother and photographer, who lived on the island for most of his life, according to his website.
Jackie Kennedy also put Martha’s Vineyard on the map when she purchased a 340-acre oceanfront property known as Red Gate Farm.
Kennedy purchased the land for just $1 million in 1979 and then spent another $3.1 million to build the house. The property was completed in 1981 and became a hangout for the Kennedys.
In 2020, the property was put up for sale for $65 million.
Martha’s Vineyard remains a popular beach destination for people from all walks of life.
From the wealthiest celebrities to the humblest day-trippers, Martha’s Vineyard remains a place for people to gather, hit the beach, and grab an ice-cream cone — though you’ll need to contend with crowds and high rental prices if you want to stay overnight.
Though some things change, summer in New England will likely always stay the same.
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